Oil engine



June 1927' o. A. BANNER OIL ENGINE Filed July 11, 1925 Patented June 28,1927.

NITED "STATES.

PATENT OFFICE- OTTO A. BANNER, 01 MILWAUKEE WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOB TO THEFALK CORPORATION,

OF IILWAUHE; WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.

OIL ENGINE.

Application fled m 11, 1925. Serial m. 43,923.

This invention relates to oil engines and particularly to engines of thetype in which the fuel is introduced as s rays, into a chamber which issegregate from the piston of space and communicates therewith through arestricted assage.

In my pr1or Patent No. 1,54%,524, issued June 30, 1925, Ihave describedan engine of the type mentioned in which the fuel is inl 'troduced inthe form of opposed sprays which meet in a zone eccentrically disposedwith respect to the restricted pa e. By this eccentric relation betweenthe el impact zone and restricted'passage I have been 1 able to utilizeto a marked degree the tur bulence set up in the chamber and passageduring the working stroke to eifect a combustible mixture of the air andfuel. This has resulted in an ability to efiecta clean 20 combustion ofthe fuel in quantities sufficient to obtain mean efiective pressures ashigh as one hundred eleven pounds and more. In the engine shown in saidpatent the chamher is of somewhat symmetrical form, the

95 restricted passage being" arranged midway of the length thereof andconcentric with the central axle of the piston space. The eccentriorelation between the fuel impact zone and the restricted passage iseflected in said 80 engine by an unsymmetrical arrangement of the fuelsprays. i One ob ect of the present invention is to further improve thecombustion in engines of this type. This I have accomplished by '56arranging the restricted passage eccentrica axis of the piston space.With a disposed restricted passage the wing through the passage 'durin te working stroke, spread uniformly in al to directions within the pistonspace, forcing ahead of them the unsaturated air that was originallywithin the assage, and packing this air a ainst the cy is not availableto mix with and support the 5 combustion of the fuel-charge. 1 Bydisposing the passage ecoentrically of the axis of the piston. ace, anunbalanced condition is produced'm the iston s ace,.causing' the whichenter t erein uring the working stroke to sweep laterally over the faceof the piston, thereby causing an intensive turbulence within thisspace. This turbulence insures a rompt an intimate mixture of all theair 1n the piston space with the gases t erein for accommodating t evalve ca es.

inder walls where it 'preferab y concave so therein. This turbulentcondition is of- 56 marked utility when, as in an engine of the typehereinabove mentioned, the fuel is introduced in the form of impactingfuel sprays at or just before compression dead center.

Other objects and advantages will ap ar fromithe following descriptionof an illiistrative embodiment of the present invention.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a fra entary axial section of an oi enginecylin or constructed in accordance with the present invention.

F g. 2 is a sectional view taken substan tially along the line2-2 ofFigure 1.

The engine cylinder selected for illustratlon comprises the usualcylinder proper having the usual water jacket 11, and enclosing a piston120i well known form. In this Instance the piston is provided with aconvex end face 13. The cylinder is closed by a water jacketed head Ithaving vertical parallel openings for receiving the usual removablevalve cages-16 containlng the intake and exhaust valves. 17 and 18.

The head 14 is internally shaped to provide an elongated chamber 19disposed transversely of the axis of the cylinder. The top wall 20 ofthe chamber shown is substantiall flat except for the' openin s 21provided One end of the chamber is relatively shal ow, the bottom wallthereof being formed by a substantially flat plate 22 formed as anintegral part of the head 14, and integrally connected with thesubstantially flat vertical side walls 23. The other end of the chamheris relatively deep being defined by a steeply inclined ,end wall 24. Thewalls 20, '22, 23 and 24 are all water cooled. A restricted passage 25is provided through the bottom of chamber 19 through which communicationis maintained between the chamher and the piston space 26. As willappear from Figure 2 this passage is of elongated rectangular form. Itextends transversely of the 'chamber '19 and is disposed at the 'unctionof the bottom wall 22 with the end wall 24 adjacent one end ofthechamber and at one side of the central axis of the piston ace. Thebottom of the head 14 is as to conform in general with the convex-endface 13 of the pisplication' Serial No. 7 14,266, filed v from thenozzle 27 may be of-su It will be noted that the chamber shown is soshaped that the major portion of the vair therein is disposed within.therelatively ber in appro ria'te bores formed through the sides of thesad 14:- The nozzles shown are of the type described in my copendin ap-May 19, 1924-, and are capable of delivering substan tially fiat fuelsprays, without air, into the chamber. These nozzles in this instanceare relatively inclined so as to insure good impact of the issuingsprays within a zone eccentrically disposed at the right of thepassage'25. In order that the soray issuing icient length to permit fulldevelopment thereof, this nozzle is referably set back away from the endwall 24,: and a recess 29 provided in this wall" to clear the spray.

In operation, the" fuel is injected under pump pressure, andvwithoutair, through the nozzles 27 and 28, in a sudden substantiallyinstantaneous charge at or just before compression dead center, when thecompression stroke of the piston has practically ceased and the air inthe chamber is at rest. The

sudden impact of the opposed sprays,-thusformed, produces a dense cloudof relatively heavy fuel mist, momentarily suspended in the chamber 19adjacent the right side of the passage 25. A relatively light fuel mistb is simultaneously formed about the concentrated cloud and at thesurfaces of the fuel sprays, due largely to the frictional contact ofthe sprays with the compressed air inthe chamber. This lighter fuel mistis readily vaporized and ignited by the heat ofcompression andcombustion sets in. The heat developed by this initial combustionpermeates the concentrated fuel cloud so as to vaporize a large portionof the fuel there" in and prepare the same for quick burning.

Actual combustion of this fuel does not occur however until and as thesame is. brought into intimate contact with air in sufficient quantitiesto support the combustion.

Substantially simultaneously with the initial combustion the pistonstarts downwardly on its working stroke and the contents of the chamber,agitated by the combustion, begins to flow through the throat. Duringsuch fiow the dense cloud of partiall vaporized fuel is broken up bythe.

resu ting turbulence and carried toward the passage 25 where it meetsand mixes with I the large body of hot unsaturated air which issimultaneousl flowing toward thepassage. This resu tsin promptcombustion of the fuel charge, the major portion of the combustionoccurring in the passage and piston space.

The eccentric relation between the passage 25- and piston space causesthe flow through thepassage to sweep laterall over the end face'of thepiston so as to e eat an intensive turbulence within the piston space.This turbulence insures a thorough mixture of all the air in the pistonspace with the entering gases and consequently a complete combustion ofall fuel suspended in these gases. r

Various changes may be made in the embodiment of the inventionhereinabove specifically described without departing from or sacrificingany of the advanta es of the invention as defined in the appen edclaims.

I claim:

1. In an oil engine the combination of a cylinder having a piston spaceand an elongated chambcr extending transvershly thereof, said chamberbeing deeper at one end than at the other, a restricted passageconnectin said piston space and said chamber a jacent the" deeper endthereof, and

means .for producingla plurality of impact cylinder having a pistonspace and an elongated chamber extending transversely thereof, saidchamber being deeper at one end than at the other, a; restricted passageconnecting said piston space and chamber adacent the deeper endthereof,and means at opposite ends of said chamber for producmg a pair ofimpacting fuel sprays which meet in a zone adjacent one side of saidpassage.

3 In an oil engine the combination of a cylmder having a piston spaceand an elon. gated chamber extending transversely thereof, a restrictedpassage connecting said space and chamber adjacent one end there of, andmeans disposed at opposite ends of said chamber for producing a pair offuel sprays therein which meet in a zone adjacent saidpassage.

i. In an oil engine the combination of a cyhnderhavmg a piston space andelongated c amber extending transversely thereof, a restricted passageconnectin chamber and eccentricall d spect to the axis of sai s andmeans at opposite ends of said 0 amber for producmg, a pa r of impactingfuel sprays said space and isposed with re- I which meet in a zoneadjacent said passage.

5 In an oil engine the combination of a cylinder having a piston spaceand a chamber, a restricted passa e conncctin said space and chamber aneccentrics. y disposed withrespect to the axis of said space,

lie

and means for producing a plurality of imsaid body of air substantiallyat compression 10 a cloud offuel concentratedeccentrically of OTTO A.

pactin fuel sprays which meet in a. zone dead center, and a restrictedpassage con- 1I1 saif chamber adjacent said passage. necting said spaceand chamber through 6. In an oil engine the combination of a which saidfuel and said body of air flows cylinder having a piston space, anunsymduring the working stroke to effect a commetrical chamber having alarge body of bustible mixture. in air eccentrically disposed therein atcom In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe pression dead center, meansfor producing my name this 6th day of JulyfiflggiER

